Various communication protocols definition

IP protocol

Internet Protocol, is a network layer protocol; The main purpose of IP protocol is to send data from one IP address to the devices represented by another IP address (large-scale, heterogeneous network interconnection), and secondly, to decouple the top-level network from the underlying network technology; It is more like an ID card, existing on any device that requires networking, such as a computer, mobile phone, surveillance camera, car, etc. End-to-end technology is designed based on the IP protocol. If IP is compared to a street, then the port is like a house number.

Http protocol

Hypertext Transfer Protocol is application layer protocol; A simple request response protocol, the most widely used network protocol on the Internet, is a standard for client and server requests and responses (TCP), used for transmitting hypertext from network servers to local browsers, which can make browsers more efficient and reduce network transmission; The HTTP protocol is unencrypted and plaintext.

Https protocol

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol over SecureSocket Layer is Application Layer Protocol and Http Protocol extension on SecureSocket Layer; The HTTP channel with security as its goal ensures the security of the transmission process through transmission encryption and identity authentication on the basis of HTTP. The secure version of the HTTP protocol adds an SSL layer on top of HTTP, which can be simply understood as: Https=Http+SSL.

Websocket Protocol

A protocol for full duplex communication over a single TCP connection, which is a new protocol introduced in HTML5. It is a protocol similar to (HTTP, FTP belongs to the application layer in the TCP/IP protocol stack) rather than a simple function. It itself and a new protocol based on TCP protocol. Compared to HTTP, which is a non persistent protocol, Websocket is a persistent protocol that makes data exchange between clients and servers simpler, allowing the server to actively push data to the client; In the WebSocket API, the browser and server only need to complete a handshake once, and a persistent connection can be directly created between the two for bidirectional data transmission.

FTP protocol

File Transfer Protocol is one of the protocols in the TCP/IP protocol group; The FTP protocol consists of two components, one is the FTP server, and the other is the FTP client. The FTP server is used to store files, and users can use the FTP client to access resources located on the FTP server through the FTP protocol; The goal of FTP is to improve file sharing and transmit data reliably and efficiently. As a transmission protocol for network shared files, it has a wide range of applications in network software.

TCP protocol

Transmission Control Protocol is Transport Layer Protocol, A connection oriented, reliable, byte stream based transport layer communication protocol; A transport protocol specifically designed to provide reliable end-to-end byte streams on unreliable interconnected networks.

UDP protocol

User Datagram Protocol is Transport Layer Protocol; UDP provides a method for applications to send encapsulated IP packets without establishing a connection; For example, multimedia data streams do not generate any additional data and do not resend even if it is known that there are damaged packets; When emphasizing transmission performance over transmission integrity, such as audio and multimedia applications, UDP is the best choice.

SSL protocol

Secure Sockets Layer , where SSL protocol is located between TCP/IP protocol and various application layer protocols; Provide security support for data communication.

The SSL protocol can be divided into two layers: SSL Record Protocol: it is built on top of reliable transmission protocols (such as TCP) and provides support for basic functions such as data encapsulation, compression, and encryption for high-level protocols. SSL Handshake Protocol: It is built on top of the SSL recording protocol and is used for identity authentication, negotiation of encryption algorithms, and exchange of encryption keys between the communication parties before actual data transmission begins.

TLS protocol

Transport Layer Security, which is used to provide confidentiality and Data integrity between two communication applications.

IP (Highway), TCP/UDP (Truck), HTTP (Cargo), SSL (Packaging Box)

ICMP protocol

Internet Control Message Protocol is the protocol of the network layer; It is a sub protocol of the TCP/IP protocol cluster, used to transfer control messages between IP hosts and routers; ICMP uses the basic support of IP, just like it is a higher-level protocol. However, ICMP is actually a component of IP and must be implemented by each IP module. ICMP protocol is manufactured to assist IP protocol and exchange various control information.

ARP protocol

The Address Resolution Protocol belongs to the IP layer (network layer) in the TCP/IP model and the link layer in the OSI model; A TCP/IP protocol that obtains physical addresses based on IP addresses, used to find corresponding physical addresses (MAC addresses) based on IP addresses, i.e. Ethernet interface addresses; The transmission of data relies on MAC addresses rather than IP addresses, and the work of converting known IP addresses into MAC addresses is completed by the ARP protocol; At the same time, it is also a less secure protocol.

RPC protocol

Remote Procedure Call Protocol is a protocol that requests services from remote computer programs through the network without understanding the underlying network technology; Not only can processes on a single machine communicate with each other, but processes on multiple machines can also communicate with each other; Whether it's the RPC framework or the RPC protocol, in simple terms, RPC allows developers to call a set of tools on remote processes. With the RPC framework, developers can easily escape the hardships of multithreading, sockets, and I/O.

SNMP protocol

Simple Network Management Protocol is application layer protocol; A standard protocol specifically designed for managing network nodes (servers, workstations, routers, switches, HUBS, etc.) in IP networks, used for managing network devices; It is currently the most widely used network management protocol.

ModBus protocol

Modbus protocol, a serial communication protocol, is the De facto standard of communication protocol in the industrial field, and is now a common connection mode between industrial electronic devices; Through this protocol, controllers can communicate with each other, through a network (such as Ethernet), and other devices.

MQTT protocol

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport is a message protocol based on the Publish–subscribe pattern paradigm under the ISO standard (ISO/IEC PRF 20922). This protocol is built on TCP/IP protocol. The biggest advantage is that it can provide real-time and reliable message services for connecting remote devices with very little code and limited bandwidth; As a low-cost, low bandwidth instant messaging protocol, it has a wide range of applications in the Internet of Things, small devices, mobile applications, etc., such as machine to machine (M2M) communication and the Internet of Things (IoT).

MQTT-SN protocol

The mainstream MQTT is based on TCP connections for data push, and the UDP based version is called MQTT-SN.

LwM2M protocol

Lightweight Machine to Machine, literally translated as lightweight end-to-end, is a set of protocols suitable for the Internet of Things; Proposed by the Development Mobile Alliance (OMA), it is a lightweight, standard and universal IoT device management protocol that can be used for rapid deployment of IoT services in client/server mode; A set of standards has been established for the management and application of IoT devices, providing lightweight and compact secure communication interfaces and efficient data models to achieve M2M device management and service support.

LoRa protocol

LoRa is a low-power wide area network communication technology that is a proprietary ultra long distance wireless transmission technology based on spread spectrum technology. It is a low-power remote wireless communication technology developed by a French company, Cycleo, as an innovative semiconductor technology - LoRa. It was later acquired by a US company, Semtech. Subsequently, Semtech developed a complete set of LoRa communication chip solutions based on this LoRa technology LoRa will start to cover, promote and popularize through the LoRa alliance in the future; Features: Long distance, low power consumption, multi node, low cost, anti-interference characteristics, while LoRa low speed, small data transmission.

LoRaWAN protocol

LoRaWAN is a set of protocol standards based on the LoRa physical layer transmission technology, with the MAC layer as the main layer. The corresponding products include LoRaWAN nodes, LoRaWAN gateways, LoRaWAN protocols, and data cloud platforms. It is a set of communication protocols and system architecture designed for LoRa long-distance communication networks. It is a media access control (MAC) layer protocol, based on which LoRaWAN was originally called LoRaMAC.

NB Iot protocol

Narrow Band Internet of Things has become an important branch of the Internet of Things network. It is built on cellular networks and only consumes approximately 180kHz of bandwidth. It can be directly deployed on GSM, UMTS, or LTE networks to reduce deployment costs and achieve smooth upgrades; Focusing on the Low Power Wide Coverage (LPWA) Internet of Things (IoT) market, NB IoT technology is an emerging technology that can be widely applied globally. NB IoT technology has attracted attention due to its low power consumption, stable connection, low cost, and excellent architecture optimization.

CoAP protocol

Constrained Application Protocol, Application Layer Protocol; A computer protocol applied to the Internet of Things, based on the REST architecture. It is a web like protocol in the world of the Internet of Things, and its detailed specifications are defined in RFC 7252; Due to the fact that many devices in the Internet of Things are resource limited, with only a small amount of memory space and limited computing power, the traditional HTTP protocol application on the Internet of Things appears too large and unsuitable. CoAP is used on resource limited IoT devices, such as IoT devices with very small RAM and ROM, and running TCP and HTTP is not acceptable.

DDS protocol

Data Distribution Service, is a middleware protocol for distributed real-time data distribution services. It is the "TCP/IP" in distributed real-time networks, used to solve the interconnection of network protocols in real-time networks, and its function is equivalent to the "bus on the bus"; DDS adopts the Publish–subscribe pattern architecture, emphasizes data as the center, provides rich QoS quality of service policies, can guarantee the real-time, efficient and flexible distribution of data, and can meet the needs of various distributed real-time communication applications.

AMQP protocol

The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol is an application layer standard that provides unified message services. Advanced Message Queuing Protocol is an open standard of application layer protocol. It is designed for message oriented middleware, and is a network protocol that enables asynchronous messages to be delivered between processes; The client and message middleware based on this protocol can transmit messages, and are not limited by different products, development languages, and other conditions of the client/middleware.

XMPP protocol

Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol is a subset XML protocol based on the standard universal markup language, which inherits its flexible development in the XML environment. XMPP uses TCP to transmit XML streams. Promote quasi instant operations between servers, mostly used for instant messaging (IM) and online on-site detection.

JMS protocol

Java Message Service is an API for message oriented middleware (MOM) in Java platform, which is used to send messages between two applications or distributed systems for Asynchronous communication.

STP protocol

The Spanning Tree Protocol is a protocol established according to IEEE 802.1D standard and used to eliminate the physical loop of the Data link layer in the LAN. It can be applied to the establishment of tree topology in the computer network, mainly to prevent redundant links in the bridge network from forming a loop.

SSH protocol

Secure Shell Protocol is a security protocol built on the application layer and provides secure remote login and other secure network services on insecure networks; The use of SSH protocol can effectively prevent information leakage during remote management.

DNS protocol

The Domain Name System is a Distributed database that maps domain names and IP addresses to each other, which is directly translated into the Domain Name System and the application layer protocol, enabling people to access the Internet more easily; If the ARP protocol is used to convert IP addresses into MAC addresses, then the DNS protocol is used to convert domain names into IP addresses (which can also be converted into corresponding domain names).

SMTP protocol

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol is an application layer protocol, belonging to the TCP/IP protocol cluster; A protocol that provides reliable and effective email transmission. SMTP is an email service built on the FTP file transfer service, mainly used for the transmission of email information between systems and providing notifications related to letters. SMTP is independent of specific transmission subsystems and only requires reliable and orderly data flow channel support. One of the important characteristics of SMTP is its ability to transmit mail across networks, known as "SMTP mail relay". By using SMTP, email transmission between the same network processing processes can be achieved, and email transmission between a certain processing process and other networks can also be achieved through repeaters or gateways; Help each computer find the next destination when sending or forwarding letters; By using the server specified by the SMTP protocol, emails can be sent to the recipient's server, and the entire process takes only a few minutes; Although the email server can use SMTP to send and receive emails, the email client can only use SMTP to send emails, and generally uses IMAP or POP3 to receive emails; The email client uses TCP port 25 to communicate with the server.

TelNet Protocol

It is a member of the TCP/IP protocol family and the standard protocol and main method for remote login services on the Internet; It provides users with the ability to complete remote host work on the local computer and is the most widely used protocol in the TCP/IP protocol family; It allows users (Telnet clients) to communicate with a remote device through a negotiation process; The Telnet protocol is based on the implementation of Network Virtual Termina1 (NVT),

MAC protocol

Media access control is the word layer protocol at the lower layer of Data link layer protocol; In a local area network, the hardware address is also known as a physical address or MAC address (because this address is used in MAC frames), which defines how data frames are transmitted on the medium; In a link sharing the same bandwidth, access to the connecting medium is' first come, first served '; Physical addressing is defined here, and logical topology (the path through which signals pass through physical topology) is also defined here.

SLIP protocol

Serial Line Internet Protocol is a point-to-point link layer communication protocol ; It is one of the earliest and only two serial IP protocols, belonging to the heterogeneous IP protocol; The SLIP protocol implements the function of running TCP/IP protocol and its application services on serial communication lines, providing dial-up IP mode for thousands of households to access the internet, and providing dedicated IP mode for industry users to transmit IP datagrams through serial media; Not only can it send and receive IP datagrams, but it also provides various network application services for TCP/IP (such as rlogin, telnet, ftp, rtp, etc.).

PPP protocol

Point to Point Protocol is Data link layer protocol; A standard method for uploading multi-protocol data packets in peer-to-peer connections is provided, which is a link layer protocol designed to transmit data packets between equivalent units. This link provides full duplex operation and transmits data packets in sequence; Main purpose: To establish point-to-point connections through dial-up or dedicated lines to send data, making it a common solution for simple connections between various hosts, bridges, and routers.

VRRP protocol

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol is a routing protocol proposed by IETF to solve the problem of single point failure in configuring static gateways in a local area network. Its design goal is to support IP data flow failure in specific situations without causing confusion, allow hosts to use a single router, and maintain connectivity between routers even in the event of actual first hop router failure, Widely used in edge networks; It is a routing fault-tolerant protocol, also known as backup routing protocol, which usually sets a default route for hosts within a network.