Ternary lithium battery VS Lithium iron phosphate battery

There are three types battery: ternary lithium battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, and lithium titanate battery.

Lithium titanate battery refers to a lithium-ion battery that uses lithium titanate instead of graphite as the negative electrode material. The positive electrode material can be lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, etc. As its  low energy density,  lithium titanate battery is a relatively unpopular specification in the market.

Comparison of lithium iron phosphate battery and ternary lithium battery

Energy density

The battery energy density is an index that affects the endurance performance of new energy vehicles. The energy density of the lifepo4 battery cell is only about 150Wh/kg, while the energy density of the ternary lithium battery cell is generally more than 220Wh/kg. In other words, the energy density of a ternary lithium battery is about 1.5 times that of a lithium iron phosphate battery for the same weight, which can bring longer endurance for new energy vehicles.

Safety

Lithium iron phosphate battery currently has the best thermal stability of the power battery, compared with the ternary lithium battery, which has an absolute advantage in safety. The peak electric temperature of the lithium iron phosphate battery is as high as 350℃, and the chemical composition inside the battery must reach 500~600℃ before it decomposes. The thermal stability of the ternary lithium battery is very general, and it will begin to decompose at about 300℃.

Charging efficiency

The ternary lithium battery has more efficient. Experimental data show little difference between the two when charging under 10℃, but they will separate the distance above 10℃. When charging at 20℃, the constant current ratio of the ternary lithium battery is 52.75%, and that of the lithium iron phosphate battery is 10.08%; the former is five times the latter.

Cycle life

The cycle life of the lithium iron phosphate battery is better than that of the lithium ternary battery. The academic life of the lithium ternary battery is 2000 cycles, but the capacity declines to 60% when it reaches 1000 cycles. Even Tesla's ternary lithium battery, a relatively good one in the industry, can only maintain 70% power after 3000 cycles. Lithium iron phosphate batteries can maintain 80% capacity after the same cycle.

Lithium iron phosphate batteries, by contrast, are safe, have an extended life, and resist high temperatures. Ternary lithium battery has lightweight, has high charging efficiency, and low-temperature resistance. Therefore, their coexistence lies in their respective adaptability in time and place.